Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome: Symptoms, Causes, Diagnosis, and Treatment

What is Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome?

Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome is a condition that affects the nerves in your foot. It happens when the tibial nerve, which runs through a narrow space called the tarsal tunnel, gets squeezed or compressed. This can cause pain, tingling, or numbness in your foot. Many people compare it to carpal tunnel syndrome in the wrist, but this affects the foot instead. Early treatment for tarsal tunnel syndrome can help prevent long-term problems.

Common Symptoms of Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Recognizing tarsal tunnel syndrome symptoms early can help you get the right care. Some people notice symptoms suddenly, while others develop them slowly. Common signs include:

Shooting pain or burning in the inside of the ankle or foot

Tingling or “pins and needles” feeling in the sole

Numbness in the toes or bottom of the foot

Weakness in the foot muscles

Symptoms that get worse with walking or standing

Sometimes, symptoms may feel better with rest. However, if you notice these signs, it is important to talk to a doctor.

Causes and Risk Factors

Several things can cause tarsal tunnel syndrome. In many cases, the tibial nerve gets pressed by swelling or injury. Common causes include:

Flat feet or fallen arches, which put extra strain on the nerve

Ankle injuries, such as sprains or fractures

Swelling from arthritis or diabetes

Varicose veins or cysts near the nerve

Repetitive stress from running or standing for long periods

Some people have a higher risk. For example, those with diabetes, obesity, or a history of foot injuries are more likely to develop this condition. According to the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons, early care can help lower your risk of long-term nerve damage.

Diagnosis Methods

Doctors use several steps to diagnose tarsal tunnel syndrome. First, they will ask about your symptoms and check your foot. Next, they may gently tap the nerve to see if it causes tingling or pain. This is called the Tinel’s sign test. In some cases, doctors order tests such as:

Imaging tests like X-rays or MRI to look for swelling or injury

Nerve conduction studies to check how well the nerve works

Ultrasound to see if there are cysts or growths

These tests help your doctor find the cause and plan the best treatment for tarsal tunnel syndrome.

Treatment Options for Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome

Treatment for tarsal tunnel syndrome depends on how severe your symptoms are. Many people get better with simple steps. However, some may need more advanced care. Here are common options:

Medical Treatments

Anti-inflammatory medicines to reduce swelling and pain

Steroid injections to calm the nerve

Physical therapy to stretch and strengthen the foot

Custom shoe inserts (orthotics) to support the arch

Surgical Treatments

Surgery may be needed if other treatments do not help

The surgeon releases pressure on the nerve by opening the tarsal tunnel

Most people recover well, but full healing can take several weeks

Home Care and Foot Nerve Pain Relief

Rest your foot and avoid activities that cause pain

Apply ice packs to reduce swelling

Wear supportive shoes with good arch support

Elevate your foot when sitting

Always follow your doctor’s advice for the best results.

Prevention Tips and Lifestyle Guidance

While not all cases can be prevented, you can lower your risk with some simple steps. For example, you can:

Wear shoes that fit well and support your arches

Maintain a healthy weight to reduce pressure on your feet

Stretch your feet and ankles before exercise

Avoid standing or walking for long periods without breaks

Manage health conditions like diabetes and arthritis

By taking care of your feet, you can help prevent tarsal tunnel syndrome and other foot nerve pain problems.

When to See a Doctor

If you notice foot pain, tingling, or numbness that does not go away, it is important to seek help. Early treatment can prevent lasting nerve damage. In addition, if you have diabetes or a history of foot injuries, regular check-ups are a good idea.

For personalized advice on tarsal tunnel syndrome, consult an orthopedic specialist. They can help you find the best treatment and keep your feet healthy.